The imperative to diversify dietary habits by including alternative protein sources in the diet is an important yet promising element in addressing global challenges, including climate change, resource scarcity, food security and malnutrition. Advances in genetic engineering and other innovations in the area of plant-based foods, as well as trends related to healthy eating, increase the chances of integrating alternative proteins into the mainstream diet. However, it seems necessary to take into account the cultural habits and requirements of societies related to the taste and flavour of food, as well as trends in healthy lifestyles, including nutrition, for the introduction of alternative proteins into the diet to be successful. There is still quite a long way to go. We first have to deal with the technological hurdles, ensure sustainable and cost-effective production of new alternatives at the right scale, overcome potential consumer resistance and ensure appropriate regulation on a global scale. If we succeed in this, the benefits will be obvious: a healthier diet, reduced environmental impact, increased resource efficiency and innovation in cultivation methods, which will contribute to a transformation in various social dimensions.

Collaborative efforts involving producers, researchers, and policymakers are essential. The adoption of alternative proteins is gaining traction globally, with significant investments in research and development from countries like Israel, the United States, Canada, Singapore, and China. Major food corporations are already adapting to this upcoming shift. 

Consumers seeking healthier alternatives are propelling the demand for meatless proteins. Such initiatives as “From seed-to-fork”, tech-enabled meat substitutes and fermentation-as-a-service are to shape the changes in the industry. However, these trends might face challenges, caused by pandemics, climate change, lobbying by the meat industry, economic hurdles or cultural resistance, to name a few. Overcoming these obstacles requires collaborative efforts and a comprehensive approach. Despite uncertainties, the potential benefits of alternative proteins in addressing nutrition, health, climate, circularity, and innovation underscore the importance of navigating these trends towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

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